Resources
Data, tools and references
Everything we publish and everything we rely on, in one place. Our own datasets and tools, our investigations, and the official documents behind every figure on this site.
Our data and tools
Built and maintained by SugarWatch Europe. Free to use and to cite.
Sugar & Health Index (EU-27)
The 27 Member States compared on sugar intake, health outcomes and policy measures.
Open the index MapWho shapes sugar policy
Institutions, industry groups, NGOs and researchers, and how they connect.
Explore the map TrackerFiles we follow
Taxes, labelling, marketing rules and reformulation targets, followed across the EU and Member States.
See the files AnalysisStakeholder positions
Who argues for and against sugar regulation, with their stated arguments.
Compare positions GuideAdded sugars: the essential guide
Definitions, European intakes, health effects and the names sugar hides behind on labels.
Read the guide ToolDaily sugar tracker
Add what you eat and compare your intake with the WHO benchmark. Nothing leaves your browser.
Try the trackerInvestigations
Our own research, with methods and sources published alongside the findings.
Added sugars in infant formula in Europe
We reviewed the labels of infant and follow-on formulas sold in Europe to see which ones contain added sugars, and in what form.
Read the investigationMore analyses in the Newsroom.
Key references
The official guidance, laws and studies we cite most often. Each link goes to the original document.
| Source | Document | Why it matters | Type |
|---|---|---|---|
| WHO 2015 | Guideline: sugars intake for adults and childrenWorld Health Organization | Sets the benchmark: free sugars below 10% of daily energy, ideally below 5%. | Guidance |
| EFSA 2022 | Tolerable upper intake level for dietary sugarsEFSA Journal 20(2): e07074 | The EU food safety agency's scientific opinion: intake of added and free sugars should be as low as possible. | Guidance |
| WHO 2022 | Manual on sugar-sweetened beverage taxation policiesWorld Health Organization | The reference guide for governments designing a tax on sugary drinks. | Policy |
| EU 2011 | Regulation (EU) No 1169/2011 on food information to consumersEUR-Lex | The labelling rules in force. Labels must show total sugars, not added sugars. | Law |
| European Commission | Knowledge for Policy: sugars and sweetenersHealth Promotion and Disease Prevention Knowledge Gateway | Intake data and national recommendations across Member States. | Data |
| Azaïs-Braesco 2017 | A review of total and added sugar intakes and dietary sources in EuropeNutrition Journal 16: 6 | The main cross-country review of how much added sugar Europeans eat, and from which foods. | Data |
| Huang 2023 | Dietary sugar consumption and health: umbrella reviewThe BMJ 381: e071609 | Reviews the evidence linking sugar to 45 health outcomes, with the strength of each. | Research |
| Popkin and Hawkes 2016 | Sweetening of the global diet, particularly beveragesThe Lancet Diabetes and Endocrinology 4(2) | How added sugars spread through the food supply, and the policy responses. | Research |
For journalists
Our data and analyses are free to reuse with attribution.
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Source: SugarWatch Europe, sugarwatcheurope.org
Advocating for a healthier food future in Europe.
We monitor the sugar industry, raise awareness on public health impacts, and advocate for stronger EU regulation to reduce added sugars.
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